Leveraging national social data for Ocean Accounts

Authors:
Rachel E Thoms, Rebecca J Shellock, Philip AS James

This report outlines a social data audit methodology which can be used as a first step in compiling social data within the ocean accounting framework. The approach serves as a practical tool that statistical agencies, researchers, and government departments can adapt and apply to evaluate social data availability in their own national contexts. Rather than requiring expensive primary data collection in the first instance, this approach demonstrates how to systematically identify, assess, and operationalise existing data sources for Ocean Accounts. 

The report applies this social data audit methodology to examine the data available in eight countries to understand how well existing national data systems can support the integration of social data into Ocean Accounts. Through analysis of government datasets from the eight countries at different stages of Ocean accounting development (Mozambique, Belize, Vanuatu, Costa Rica, Fiji, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives), we assess the availability and suitability of social data for integrating the human dimension into ocean accounting frameworks. 

Why does this matter? 

Ocean Accounts represent a critical evolution in how nations measure and manage their marine resources, moving beyond traditional economic indicators to capture the full value of ocean ecosystems. This approach is gaining momentum globally, with 19 countries having signed a pledge to advance Ocean Accounts for ocean sustainable development by 2030. However, most existing Ocean Accounts have focused primarily on economic and environmental data, systematically overlooking the human dimension. This is significant for the 3 billion people who rely on seafood for protein and the 600 million sustained by fishing and aquaculture.¹ The absence of social data means their experiences, needs, knowledge and contributions to ocean health and the ocean economy remain invisible in decision-making processes. 

By demonstrating that adequate social data already exists within national statistical systems, this report addresses a major barrier to implementing comprehensive Ocean Accounts. The findings partially counter the common assumption that incorporating social data requires costly new data collection programs that could delay or prevent implementation. 

Who should use this report? 

This report is designed for: 

• Statistical agencies and national statistics offices who: (i) own existing data and seek new ways to use it to meet their priorities and (ii) are interested in progressing Ocean Accounts compilation. 
• Government departments responsible for marine resource management, coastal development, ocean and similar policies. 
• Researchers and analysts working on Ocean accounting, social-ecological systems, and/or sustainable development indicators. 
• International organisations and development agencies supporting countries in developing Ocean Accounts, inclusive and equitable marine management practices and sustainable ocean plans. 
• Civil Society Organisations advocating for inclusive ocean governance that reflects coastal community needs and delivering community led conservation and management projects. 

1 FAO. 2024. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024 – Blue Transformation in action

Social Accounts

Social Accounts are the outputs of capturing, analysing, and reporting of data related to the social, cultural and equity dimensions of the human-ocean relationship within the Ocean Accounts framework.

The Global Ocean Accounts PartnershipGOAP Secretariat